City of Rivals: Restoring the Glorious Mess of American Democracy
by Jason Grumet
Contents
Chapter 2: Howling at the Moon
Overview
Grumet argues that America’s fear of decline is fueled by China’s rise, BRICS-era competition, and visible domestic failures, but he rejects easy explanations for Washington’s paralysis. Media, money, and gerrymandering all matter, yet each has deep historical roots and limited reform potential. The chapter’s central shift is toward Grumet’s main diagnosis: American democracy is failing less because of external pressures than because the culture of relationships and compromise inside political life has eroded.
Summary
Grumet opens with the 2008 Beijing Olympics, using China’s spectacular global showcase as a symbol of the post-Cold War shift toward globalization and a multipolar world. China’s rise, along with the emergence of BRICS nations, creates anxiety in the United States that American dominance may be ending, though Grumet notes that these competitors face serious demographic, political, and economic weaknesses of their own.
Grumet then turns from foreign competition to America’s internal condition. Optimists argue that the United States has survived greater challenges, but pessimists point to congressional gridlock, budget failures, the sequester, declining incomes and net worth, weak innovation trends, deteriorating infrastructure, health care failures, educational gaps, and public ignorance as signs that American self-government is faltering.
The chapter examines the common explanation for this dysfunction: the “unholy trinity” of media, money, and gerrymandering. Grumet acknowledges that modern media rewards speed, outrage, ideological sorting, and shame-based enforcement against compromise, but he argues that partisan and sensational media have existed throughout American history and cannot fully explain the current breakdown.
Grumet applies the same skepticism to gerrymandering. Manipulated districts contribute to polarization, but the Senate is polarized despite having no gerrymandered seats, safe districts predate the recent collapse in cooperation, and Americans increasingly sort themselves into ideologically similar communities. Redistricting reform may improve legitimacy, but Grumet argues it is unlikely to produce a bipartisan renaissance by itself.
Money in politics receives similar treatment. Campaign spending has exploded and public suspicion is high, but private money has shaped politics since the nation’s founding, and Grumet argues that constitutional and judicial realities make major restrictions unlikely. Rather than focusing energy on forces that cannot easily be eliminated, he invokes the Serenity Prayer and argues that reformers need to distinguish between what can and cannot be changed.
Grumet closes by shifting the diagnosis from external pressures to the weakened structure of Washington itself. Media, money, and gerrymandering are like storms battering a house; the more useful question is why the house no longer withstands them. He argues that the real erosion is cultural: relationships, familiarity, private trust, and principled compromise among elected officials have declined, leaving Congress less able to balance local and special interests against the national interest. The chapter ends with cautious optimism that restoring collaborative habits could help Congress solve at least a few major problems each year.
Who Appears
- Jason GrumetAuthor and narrator; diagnoses American dysfunction and redirects blame toward political culture.
- ChinaSymbol of rising global competition and American anxiety about relative decline.
- United StatesCentral subject; portrayed as powerful but strained by gridlock and declining confidence.
- CongressPrimary institution of dysfunction, gridlock, budget failures, and eroded personal relationships.
- MediaCommonly blamed force that intensifies polarization but has historical precedents.
- GerrymanderingCommonly blamed electoral practice that contributes to polarization but is not decisive.
- Money in politicsPowerful and resented influence that Grumet argues cannot be easily removed.
- Jason SmithCongressman whose barbershop anecdote illustrates members’ lack of familiarity.
- Tony CalabroFormer Senate barber who describes a colder, less sociable congressional culture.