City of Rivals: Restoring the Glorious Mess of American Democracy
by Jason Grumet
Contents
Introduction: A Tale of Two Washingtons
Overview
Grumet introduces the book through the 2007 founding of the Bipartisan Policy Center, using the friendship among former Senate rivals Baker, Dole, Daschle, and Mitchell to show what Washington has lost. The chapter argues that the real crisis is not partisanship itself, but the collapse of trust, informal relationships, and negotiating habits that once made partisan conflict productive.
Through examples from the 1995 shutdown, No Child Left Behind, the Affordable Care Act, and the response to Sputnik, Grumet frames America’s challenge as rebuilding “functional partisanship.” The introduction sets the book’s central stakes: democracy cannot rely on nostalgia or hope alone, but must intentionally revive principled compromise.
Summary
Jason Grumet opens in 2007 at Union Station, where Howard Baker, Bob Dole, Tom Daschle, and George Mitchell are about to announce the founding of the Bipartisan Policy Center. Instead of focusing on final logistics, the former Senate leaders fall into easy, intimate storytelling, revealing that their bipartisan partnership rests on decades of rivalry, friendship, and mutual respect.
Grumet explains that the BPC’s founders had often fought fiercely over budgets, filibusters, elections, and legislation, but they shared a belief that opponents could still love the country and respect the legislative process. They founded the BPC because they believed America’s democratic institutions were becoming brittle, not simply because politics had grown partisan, but because leaders were abandoning the habits of trust, negotiation, and personal connection that had once made agreements possible.
To show that bitter politics need not prevent governing, Grumet recalls the 1995 government shutdown. While President Clinton and Speaker Newt Gingrich clashed publicly, Democrat Henry Waxman and Republican Tom Bliley quietly negotiated a food quality standards bill; their credibility as a cross-party pair was so strong that Leon Panetta accepted their compromise without needing further details.
Grumet then argues that America has historically made what Alexis de Tocqueville called “repairable mistakes,” but current challenges such as debt, economic insecurity, and immigration raise fears that the system may be losing that corrective capacity. He rejects despair rooted solely in money, media, and gerrymandering, and instead emphasizes Washington’s informal relationships: the ordinary social ties among politicians, staff, spouses, and families that once helped sustain trust across partisan lines.
The introduction distinguishes bipartisanship from nonpartisanship. Grumet argues that democracy needs ideological conflict, but that progress comes when proud Democrats and Republicans negotiate in good faith from their own positions. He points to past bipartisan achievements such as No Child Left Behind, while noting that more recent major laws, especially the Affordable Care Act, have often passed through party-line discipline and intensified cycles of retaliation.
Grumet closes with the example of Sputnik. After the Soviet launch, American leaders could have turned the crisis into partisan warfare, but figures such as Lyndon Johnson helped steer Congress toward fact-finding and national purpose. Grumet argues that America cannot simply hope for another unifying moment; it needs a deliberate plan to rebuild functional partisanship and rediscover principled compromise.
Who Appears
- Jason GrumetNarrator and BPC founder; frames the book’s argument for functional partisanship.
- Howard BakerFormer Senate leader and BPC founder; exemplifies trust among partisan rivals.
- Bob DoleFormer Senate leader and BPC founder; brings humor and camaraderie to the launch.
- Tom DaschleFormer Senate leader and BPC founder; part of the cross-party founding group.
- George MitchellFormer Senate leader and BPC founder; represents principled rivalry and cooperation.
- Henry WaxmanDemocratic lawmaker who negotiated a food standards compromise during the shutdown.
- Tom BlileyRepublican lawmaker who partnered with Waxman on a bipartisan pesticides agreement.
- Leon PanettaClinton chief of staff who trusted the Waxman-Bliley compromise immediately.
- George W. BushPresident who reached a major education compromise with Ted Kennedy.
- Ted KennedySenator who helped negotiate No Child Left Behind with President Bush.
- Lyndon JohnsonDemocratic leader who favored fact-finding over partisan attack after Sputnik.
- Stuart SymingtonSenator cited as attempting to use Sputnik against Eisenhower politically.
- Dwight EisenhowerPresident whose administration faced scrutiny after the Soviet Sputnik launch.